Methodology

Average rates and bills

From the U.S. Energy Information Administration's annual Form EIA-861, "Sales to Ultimate Customers", residential class. Average ¢/kWh is residential revenue divided by residential sales. Average bill is residential revenue divided by residential customers divided by twelve. For utilities in deregulated states that only deliver power, EIA revenue excludes the supply portion bought from a competitive provider, so the figure understates the full bill; where we have a curated tariff it replaces the EIA estimate.

We include utilities with at least 10,000 residential customers.

Rate cases

Entered by hand from state utility commission dockets, consumer-advocate offices and local news. Each entry links to its source. "Requested" is the utility's ask; "Approved" is the commission's decision where one exists. Monthly impact figures are the utility's or commission's own estimate for a 1,000 kWh customer unless noted.

Bill estimator

Fixed charge plus energy charge times usage. Where no curated tariff exists we use the EIA average with a nominal $12 fixed charge. Real tariffs include tiers, time-of-use pricing, riders and taxes.

Rebates

From utility and state program pages, with the date we last checked. Federal credits 25C, 25D and 30C expired in 2025–2026 and are not listed.